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O-CMK-3 was used instead of coconut charcoal sorbent

The extraction and pre-concentration of N-nitrosamines (NAs) before their determination are mainly achieved by carbonaceous sorbents. However, the non-polar or relatively less polar NAs are strongly absorbed on the carbonaceous surface of the sorbent, leading to low extraction recoveries. In the present study, for the first time, CMK-3 and surfacemodified CMK-3 (O-CMK-3) were used to extract NAs from water. carbon pellets manufacturers usaThe CMK-3 surface was modified by oxidative treatment and different carboxylic groups were attached to create a hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance on the inert surface of the carbonaceous sorbent. The proposed sorbents were compared with 10 different kinds of commercial carbonaceous sorbents for the micro-solid phase extraction of eight NAs possessing a wide range of polarities. The best extraction results for both polar and non-polar NAs were obtained using O-CMK-3. Specifically, significant enhancements in the extraction of the nonpolar NAs were observed. For instance, extraction of up to 27.67 and 2.32 times greater were observed for N-nitrosodiphenylamine, and N-nitrosodimethylamine respectively, when O-CMK-3 was used instead of coconut charcoal sorbent. www.coconutactivatedcarbon.com

 


From Waste Mango Kernel into High Surface Area Activated Carbon

activated carbon company Series of low cost activated carbon (AC) were successfully synthesized from chemical activation of mango kernel (MK) via three chemical activators; ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH at 1:1 impregnation ratio of MK: Activator, activation temperature of 500 °C and impregnation time of 30 min. The resultant ACs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), CHNS/O analyzer, Na2S2O3 volumetric method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR analysis of MK verified the presence of many functional groups resembling the lignocellulosic material and the absence of certain functional groups in the synthesized ACs indicated the removal of volatile compounds during the activation process. CHNS/O analysis confirmed the increase in Carbon % for all the prepared ACs. For example: 57.15 %, 53.63 %, 72.19 % for ZnCl2-AC, H3PO4-AC and KOH-AC respectively, compared to the raw MK which registered only 43.18 %. Iodine Number (IN) was found to increase in a trend as; ZnCl2-AC (1453.97 mgg-1) > H3PO4-AC (1299.30 mgg-1) > KOH-AC (1209.08 mgg-1). However, the yield percentage was maximum for H3PO4-AC (47.3 %) followed by ZnCl2-AC (45.7 %) and KOH-AC (8.4 %). In addition, no pores were observed for raw MK through the SEM analysis. However, SEM studies showed well-formation of porous structure for the synthesized ACs which suggested the role of activating agents during carbonization. This study proves the successful conversion of waste biomass into high qualityactivated carbon wholesale ACs and to conclude, ZnCl2 was chosen as the most suitable activator to synthesize AC from MK due to its enhanced textural characteristics and moderate yield percentage compared to other activators.


Elimination of micropollutants by activated carbon produced from fibers taken from wastewater screenings using hydrothermal carbonization

Activated Carbon (AC)activated carbon price in usa can be used to reduce organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). While producing ACs conventionally still damages the environment, this can be reduced by using renewable raw material from waste streams und producing AC locally. In this study, fibers (toilet paper) were separated out of wastewater by screening WWTP influents in full scale and then used as a no-cost, carbon-rich and heavy metal-poor raw material to produce ACs. Pretreatment was hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Thereafter, they were activated using KOH to generate activated carbons (HTC-ACs). Their functional groups were characterized using FT-IR, and the alteration of their chemical composition was traced by elementary analysis. Adsorption tests were performed with nitrogen (BET surface) and methylene blue as standard tests. The adsorption capacity was tested with WWTP effluent and the removal of UVA254 as a surrogate for OMP removal was measured. After HTC and activation 13–16% of the fibers dry mass was obtained as HTC-ACs. Higher dehydration and formation of aromatic structures on the HTC-ACs were detected with FT-IR as HTC and activation temperature increased. BET surface and methylene blue adsorption of some HTC-ACs was higher than the Reference AC. Nevertheless, their ability to reduce OMPs is still lower than the Reference dxdcarbon.com AC due to the different nature of their functional groups and their microporous structure that is not fully accessible for OMPs in real wastewater. Further research has to be carried out to adjust the production process so as to obtain mesoporous HTC-ACs tailored to reduce OMP concentrations and to close the carbon loop within WWTPs.

 


Activated carbon and corn straw derived carbon

activated charcoal pellets canada  The novel perovskite La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9Nb0.1O3-δ (LSFNb) anode for direct carbon-solid oxide fuel cells (DC-SOFCs) is evaluated using activated carbon and corn straw carbon as fuels. Activated carbon possesses less ratio of disorder carbon, smaller average particle size and much higher specific surface area, as well as porous structure with micropores and mesopores compared with corn straw carbon. Electrolyte-supported DC-SOFCs with LSFNb anode demonstrate excellent performance with peak power densities of 302.8 mW cm−2 and 218.5 mW cm−2, respectively, when operated with activated carbon and corn straw carbon at 850 °C. Polarization resistances of LSFNb anode indicate that performance of DC-SOFCs is largely determined by the reverse Boudouard reaction, which is related to specific surface area of fuels. Cells fueled by corn straw carbon exhibit more stable output, higher released electric quantity and higher fuel utilization rate than that using activated carbon. Despite more disorder carbon and better thermal reactivity of corn straw carbon,activated carbon price south africa higher initial output performance is obtained with activated carbon, proving that specific surface area of fuels, particle size and porosity have a considerable influence on the reverse Boudouard reaction and cell performance. These results indicate that LSFNb is a promising perovskite anode material for DC-SOFC.

 


Why low powdered activated carbon addition reduces membrane fouling in MBRs

Previous research had demonstrated that powdered activated carbon (PAC), wholesale activated charcoal powder when applied at very low dosages and long SRTs, reduces membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBRs). In this contribution several mechanisms to explain this beneficial effect of PAC were investigated, including enhanced scouring of the membrane surface by PAC particles, adsorption of membrane foulants by PAC and subsequent biodegradation and a positive effect of PAC on the strength of the sludge flocs. It was concluded that the latter mechanism best explains why low dosages of PAC significantly reduce membrane fouling.www.yrdcarbon.com Cheaper alternatives for PAC may have a similar effect.


Long-Lived, Transferred Crystalline Silicon Carbide Nanomembranes for Implantable Flexible Electronics

Implantable electronics are of great interest owing to their capability for real-time and continuous recording of cellular-electrical activity. Nevertheless, as such systems involve direct interfaces with surrounding biofluidic environments, maintaining their long-term sustainable operation, without leakage currents or corrosion, is a daunting challenge. Herein, we present a thin, flexible semiconducting material system that offers attractive attributes in this context. The material consists of crystalline cubic silicon carbidesilicon carbide suppliers uknanomembranes grown on silicon wafers, released and then physically transferred to a final device substrate (e.g., polyimide). The experimental results demonstrate that SiC nanomembranes with thicknesses of 230 nm do not experience the hydrolysis process (i.e., the etching rate is 0 nm/day at 96 °C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)). There is no observable water permeability for at least 60 days in PBS at 96 °C and non-Na+ ion diffusion detected at a thickness of 50 nm after being soaked in 1× PBS for 12 days. These properties enable Faradaic interfaces between active electronics and biological tissues, as well as multimodal sensing of temperature, strain, and other properties without the need for additional encapsulating layers. These findings create important opportunities for use of flexible, wide band gap materials as essential components of long-lived neurological and cardiac electrophysiological device interfaces.www.hslabrasive.com 


Efficient removal of anti-inflammatory from solution by Fe-containing activated carbon

activated charcoal pellets canada  This work developed an innovative activated carbon (ICAC) derived from orange peels (OP) through chemical activation using FeCl3. The traditional activated carbon (PCAC) that was prepared through K2CO3 activation served as a comparison. Three adsorbents (ICAC, PCAC, and OP) were characterized by various techniques, these being: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. They were applied to remove diclofenac from aqueous solution applying batch experiments, in order to investigate the characteristics of adsorptive kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. Results indicated that the SBET values were in the following order: 457 m2/g (PCAC) > 184 m2/g (ICAC) > 3.56 m2/g (OP). The adsorption process reached a fast equilibrium, with activating energies being 27.6 kJ/mol (ICAC), 16.0 kJ/mol (OP), and 11.2 kJ/mol (PCAC). The Langmuir adsorption capacities at 30 °C exhibited the decreasing order: 144 mg/g (ICAC) > 6.44 mg/g (OP) > 5.61 mg/g (PCAC). The thermodynamic parameters demonstrated a signal dissimilarity between biosorbent (ΔG° <0, ΔH° <0, and ΔS° <0) and activated carbon samples (ΔG° <0, ΔH° >0, and ΔS° >0). The presence of iron (FeOCl, γ-Fe2O3, and FeOOH) on the surface of ICAC played a determining role in efficiently removing diclofenac from solution. The excellent adsorption capacity of ICAC toward diclofenac resulted presumably from the contribution of complicated adsorption mechanisms, such as hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole interaction, π-π interaction, pore filling, and possible Fenton-like degradation. Therefore, FeCl3 can serve as a promising activating agent for AC preparation with excellent efficiency in removing diclofenac.activated carbon price south africa


Removal of micropollutants by fresh and colonized magnetic powdered activated carbon

This study evaluated the adsorption capacity and rate constants for 9 micropollutants (MP) on fresh and aged magnetic powdered activated carbon (MPAC)wholesale activated charcoal powder as a magnetically separable alternative to conventional PAC for drinking water treatment. MPAC with mass fractions of 10%, 38% and 54% maghemite nanoparticles were compared to bare PAC and pure maghemite in batch adsorption experiments. Pure maghemite alone did not adsorb significant amounts of MP and when normalized to PAC content, no significant differences of MP adsorption between MPAC and PAC were observed. Freundlich constants KF (normalized to PAC content) ranged between 2.3–37 μg/mg (L/μg)1/n for all MP and adsorbents. Pseudo-second order rate constants for MP decreased with increasing maghemite content ranging between 0.2–2.7 mg/μg/min for bare PAC and 0.02–2.19 mg/μg/min for MPAC. Residual adsorption capacities of 90-days old colonized adsorbents were 10 times lower than for fresh adsorbent. www.yrdcarbon.com At typical concentrations of 3.5 g colonized adsorbent/L found inside reactors, kinetics were still fast and removals of all MP except sulfamethoxazole exceeded 90% within 5 min.


Silicon carbide: a versatile material for biosensor applications

Silicon carbide (SiC)  silicon carbide suppliers ukhas been around for more than 100 years as an industrial material and has found wide and varied applications because of its unique electrical and thermal properties. In recent years there has been increased attention to SiC as a viable material for biomedical applications. Of particular interest in this review is its potential for application as a biotransducer in biosensors. Among these applications are those where SiC is used as a substrate material, taking advantage of its surface chemical, tribological and electrical properties. In addition, its potential for integration as system on a chip and those applications where SiC is used as an active material make it a suitable substrate for micro-device fabrication. www.hslabrasive.comThis review highlights the critical properties of SiC for application as a biosensor and reviews recent work reported on using SiC as an active or passive material in biotransducers and biosensors.


Hierarchical nanoporous activated carbon as potential electrode materials

wanyang activated carbon Recently, biomass-derived activated carbon nanomaterials represent a potential candidate in achieving sustainable and low-cost energy storage devices. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of hierarchical nanoporous activated carbon (NAC) by template-free and cost effective approach using bio-derived food waste namely “Indian Cake Rusk” (ICR) and its application in high performance supercapacitors for the first time. The influence of carbon activation process over the physicochemical properties, morphological structure, as well as supercapacitive performance was systematically studied. When used as an electrode in a supercapacitor, the as-synthesized NAC material offered a high specific capacitance of 381.0 F g-1 at a current density of 1.7 A g−1 with an impressive 95% capacity retention even after 6000 cycles using 1.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The NAC material also furnished a maximum energy density of 47.1 Wh kg−1 and power density of 22644.0 W kg−1 which is higher than the existing carbon based electrode using 1.0 M LiPF6 electrolyte in symmetric supercapacitor. The superior electrochemical performance of NAC material is ascribed to huge BET surface area (1413.0 m2 g−1), hierarchical micro/nanoporosity, and good electrical conductivity which could serve as a promising carbon material for advanced applications in energy, environmental, and biomedical fields.carbon pellets manufacturers

 

 



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