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The removal of glycerol by adsorption from biodiesel washwaters has been studied at room temperature using various adsorbent materials, including activated carbonsactivated carbon manufacturer in china , clay minerals, and natural and synthetic zeolites. Activated carbon exhibited the best adsorption for glycerol among the examined materials. Glycerol adsorption isotherms are obtained on activated carbons after treatment under different conditions. The Langmuir isotherm coefficients and the first-order desorption kinetic parameters for glycerol on a coconut activated carbon were determined by fitting the experimental data. The adsorption of glycerol was increased by removing the functional groups from the carbon surface at high temperatures under N2 atmosphere, and was decreased by increasing surface functional groups through HNO3 oxidation. activated carbon pellets supplierCompared with water, glycerol tends to adsorb more favourably on a hydrophobic carbon surface than on a hydrophilic one.

activated carbon manufacturers in canada In a previous study, we used a sol-hydrothermal method with a one-stage calcination in an air atmosphere at 400 °C to prepare composites of Bi2O3-TiO2 supported on powdered activated carbon (Bi-Ti/PAC-1). However, the photocatalytic efficiency of those composites was relatively low due to their high band gap and the single crystal phase of their TiO2. To improve the photocatalytic efficiency, we developed a two-stage calcination method with a first calcination in air at 300 °C followed by a second calcination in a N2 atmosphere (at 500, 600, or 700 °C) to form the Bi2O3-TiO2 composites (Bi-Ti/PAC-2). Compared with Bi-Ti/PAC-1, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of sulfamethazine (SMT) by Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700 increased by 32 % under solar light irradiation. Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700 contained two TiO2 crystal phases, rutile and anatase, and its band gap was 2.58 eV, far less than that of Bi-Ti/PAC-1. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements and trapping experiments showed that the superoxide radical, hole, and hydroxyl radical each played an important role in the degradation of SMT, among which the superoxide radical predominated. The degradation pathway of SMT included four processes: oxidation of hydroxyl radical, SO2 extrusion, NC and SN bond cleavage. We also determined that solution pH, humic acid, and inorganic ions had varying effects on the photocatalytic degradation capability of Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700. We measured the efficiency of Bi-Ti/PAC-2-700 for SMT degradation in natural river and lake water and found it to be >85 %, sufficient for practical applications. This study provides a green and efficient photocatalyst that can be applied to water treatment processes.yongruida carbon powder

Farms usually apply excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizers, especially in a vegetable production system, resulting in severe N leaching loss. Although there have been some reports on the impact of biochar on the N leaching in farmlands, most of them focused on field crops in temperate or subtropical religions. Limited information about N leaching in the tropical vegetable system is available regarding the quantitative data and effective countermeasures. A field experiment was conducted to quantify N leaching in a tropical leafy production system (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) and to evaluate the effects of coconut activated charcoal bulk coconut shell biochar on N loss and crop growth. The results showed that compared to conventional fertilization with the 240 kg N ha-1 application rate (NPK), biomass yield of water spinach increased by 40.1% under the high biochar application rate of 48 t ha-1 (HBC), which was significantly higher than that of NPK treatment. Moreover, The HBC treatment decreased N leaching by 34.0%, which can be attributed to enhanced crop uptake which increased by 40.3% as compared to NPK treatment. The NH4+/NO3- ratio in leachates was between 0.01 and 0.05. www.activated-carbon-pellets.comIt was concluded that coconut shell derived biochar improved the biomass yields of water spinach and reduced the leaching N loss, which provides a promising amendment in tropical regions.

The cost-effective and energy-efficient removal of organic micropollutants (MPs) from water and wastewater is challenging. activated carbon manufacturer in chinaThe objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of porous β-cyclodextrin polym ers (P-CDP) as adsorbents of MPs in aquatic matrixes. Adsorption kinetics and MP removal were measured in batch and flow-through experiments for a mixture of 83 MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations (1 μg L-1) and across gradients of pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter (NOM) concentrations. Performance was benchmarked against a coconut-shell activated carbon (CCAC). Data reveal pseudo-second-order rate constants for most MPs ranging between 1.5 and 40 g mg-1 min-1 for CCAC and 30 and 40000 g mg-1 min-1 for P-CDP. The extent of MP removal demonstrates slower but more uniform uptake on CCAC and faster but more selective uptake on P-CDP. Increasing ionic strength and the presence of NOM had a negative effect on the adsorption of MPs to CCAC but had almost no effect on adsorption of MPs to P-CDP. P-CDP performed particularly well for positively charged MPs and neutral or negatively charged MPs with McGowan volumes greater than 1.7 (cm3 mol-1)/100. These data highlight advantages of P-CDP adsorbents relevant to MP removal during water and wastewater treatment.activated carbon pellets supplier

activated carbon manufacturers in usa Commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC) with a median diameter of 12–42 μm was ground into 1 μm sized superfine PAC (SPAC) and 200 nm sized submicron SPAC (SSPAC) and investigated as a pretreatment material for the prevention of hydraulically irreversible membrane fouling during a submerged microfiltration (MF) process. Compared with PAC and SPAC, SSPAC has a high capacity for selective biopolymer adsorption, which is a characteristic found in natural organic matter and is commonly considered to be a major contributor to membrane fouling. Precoating the membrane surface with SSPAC during batch filtration further removes the biopolymers by straining them out. In lab-scale membrane filtration experiments, an increase in the transmembrane pressure (TMP) was almost completely prevented through a precoating with SSPAC based on its pulse dose after coagulation pretreatment. The precoated SSPAC formed a dense layer on the membrane preventing biopolymers from attaching to the membrane. Coagulation pretreatment enabled the precoated activated carbon to be rinsed off during hydraulic backwashing. The functionality of the membrane was thereby retained for a long-term operation. Precoating the membranes with SSPAC after coagulation is a promising way to control membrane fouling, and efficiently prevents an increase in the TMP because of the straining effect of the SSPAC and the high capacity of the SSPAC to adsorb any existing biopolymers. activated carbon powder price

Coconut shell based activated carbon coconut activated charcoal powder was modified by alkali with different concentrations. The surface structures of tested carbons were observed and analyzed by SEM and BET methods. Boehm's titration and SEM/EDS methods were applied to assay the functional groups and elements on the carbon surface. The adsorption of methane on tested carbons was investigated and adsorption behavior was described by the adsorption isotherms. Results showed that surface area and pore volume of modified carbon increased and surface oxygen groups decreased as the concentration of the alkali used increased, with no obvious change in pore size. When concentration of alkali was higher than 3.3 mol x L(-1), the specific surface area and pore volume of modified carbon was larger than that of original carbon. Methane adsorption capacity of alkali modified carbon increased 24%. Enlargement of surface area and pore volume, reduction of surface oxygen groups will benefit to enhance the methane adsorption ability on activated carbon. activated charcoal pellets bulkAdsorption behavior of methane followed the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption coefficient was 163.7 m3 x mg(-1).

Adsorption by wan yang activated carbon activated carbons (AC) is an effective option for phenolic wastewater treatment. Three commercial AC, including coal-derived granular activated carbons (GAC950), coal-derived powdered activated carbons (PAC800), and coconut shell-derived powdered activated carbons (PAC1000), were utilized as adsorbent to study its viability and efficiency for phenol removal from wastewater. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and the Weber-Morris kinetic models were used to find out the kinetic parameters and mechanism of adsorption process. Further, to describe the equilibrium isotherms, the experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. According to the experimental results, AC presented a micro/mesoporous structure, and the removal of phenol by AC was affected by initial phenol concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, and humic acid (HA) concentration. The pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir models were found to fit the experimental data very well, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 169.91, 176.58, and 212.96 mg/g for GAC950, PAC800, and PAC1000, respectively, which was attributed to differences in their precursors and physical appearance. activated carbon pellets for air filterFinally, it was hard for phenol to be desorbed in a natural environment, which confirmed that commercial AC are effective adsorbents for phenol removal from effluent wastewater.

As a by-product of coke-making, the utilization of coke powder is a challenging issue for achieving sustainable development. This study describes the preparation of wan yang activated carbonactivated carbon (AC) with the addition of coke powder. The yield and performance of the prepared AC were evaluated, and the structure was also characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Results indicated that the addition of coke powder increased the yield and mechanical strength of AC, other than the unfavorable iodine adsorption. The 5% addition of coke powder was the ideal proportion with the yield and mechanical strength increase at 7.1% and 19%, and the iodine adsorption capacity decrease at 1.7%. The addition of coke powder increased the graphitization and decreased the surface area of AC with little effect on the types of the surface functional groups. The decreased surface area may be attributed to the dense crystalline carbon structure of coke powder, which has lower reactivity with water and prevents the carbon loss and pore development during the steam activation.  activated carbon pellets for air filterThis study provides an alternative solution for AC production by renewable utilization of coke powder.

In this manuscript, a dramatic increase in the energy density of ~ 69 Wh kg⁻¹ and an extraordinary cycleability ~ 2000 cycles of the Li-ion hybrid electrochemical capacitors (Li-HEC) is achieved by employing tailored activated carbon (AC) of ~ 60% mesoporosity derived from coconut activated charcoal powder (CS). The AC is obtained by both physical and chemical hydrothermal carbonization activation process, and compared to the commercial AC powders (CAC) in terms of the supercapacitance performance in single electrode configuration vs. Li. The Li-HEC is fabricated with commercially available Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ anode and the coconut shell derived AC as cathode in non-aqueous medium.activated charcoal pellets bulk  The present research provides a new routine for the development of high energy density Li-HEC that employs a mesoporous carbonaceous electrode derived from bio-mass precursors.

This study focused on evaluating the use of  activated carbon powder price(PAC) adsorption for the treatability of various odor compounds with different structures. The adsorption performance of 14 odor compounds under various PAC dosages were fitted with two isotherm models (the Langmuir and Freundlich models) to evaluate the adsorption ability. The results indicated that the adsorption capacities estimated from isotherm model predictions were not suitable for the evaluation of treatability of the odor compound due to the neglection of odor threshold. A novel assessment method, through the comparison of the residual concentration at an inflection point (where the downward trend of the odor compound residual concentration and PAC dosage curve starts to flatten) and the corresponding threshold concentration, was employed. This assessment method considered the different thresholds of the various odor compounds and their absorbability by PAC as well as the cost. activated carbon manufacturers in usaThe results indicated that only the sulfur odor compounds, including dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, were not suitable for PAC treatment. Other odor compounds could be treated by PAC with varying success. The correlations between the adsorption capacity and the treatability of various odor compounds and their properties, including the coefficient between octanol and water (LogKw), solubility, molar refractivity (MR), dipole and volume, were also evaluated using the Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis. The results indicated that there were not significant correlations between the adsorption capacity and the properties of the odor compounds, while there were significant correlations between the treatability and LogKw, MR and volume. The odor causing compound with a larger LogKw, MR and volume was more suitable to be treated by PAC.